(1) Olszowski, T.; Baranowska-Bosiacka, I.; Gutowska, I.; Chlubek, D. Pro-Inflammatory Properties of Cadmium. Acta Biochim. Pol.2012, 59 (4). https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2012_2080.
(2) Hossein-Khannazer, N.; Azizi, G.; Eslami, S.; Mohammed, H. A.; Fayyaz, F.; Hosseinzadeh, R.; Usman, A. B.; Kamali, A. N.; Mohammadi, H.; Jadidi-Niaragh, F.; Dehghanifard, E.; Noorisepehr, M. The Effects of Cadmium Exposure in the Induction of Inflammation. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol.2020, 42 (1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2019.1697284.
(3) Liu, L.; Tao, R.; Huang, J.; He, X.; Qu, L.; Jin, Y.; Zhang, S.; Fu, Z. Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses with Cadmium Exposure in Male Mice. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol.2015, 39 (1), 229–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.029.
(4) Låg, M.; Rodionov, D.; Øvrevik, J.; Bakke, O.; Schwarze, P. E.; Refsnes, M. Cadmium-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Cells Relevant for Lung Toxicity: Expression and Release of Cytokines in Fibroblasts, Epithelial Cells and Macrophages. Toxicol. Lett.2010, 193 (3), 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.01.015.
(5) Rani, A.; Kumar, A.; Lal, A.; Pant, M. Cellular Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Toxicity: A Review. Int. J. Environ. Health Res.2014, 24 (4), 378–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2013.835032.
(6) Godt, J.; Scheidig, F.; Grosse-Siestrup, C.; Esche, V.; Brandenburg, P.; Reich, A.; Groneberg, D. A. The Toxicity of Cadmium and Resulting Hazards for Human Health. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol.2006, 1 (1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-1-22.
(7) Maddela, N. R.; Kakarla, D.; García, L. C.; Chakraborty, S.; Venkateswarlu, K.; Megharaj, M. Cocoa-Laden Cadmium Threatens Human Health and Cacao Economy: A Critical View. Sci. Total Environ.2020, 720, 137645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137645.
(8) Cadmium – Pollution Tracker.
(9) Tromba, A. Maximum Levels Of Cadmium In Chocolate: What To Know.
(10) Chavez, E.; He, Z. L.; Stoffella, P. J.; Mylavarapu, R. S.; Li, Y. C.; Moyano, B.; Baligar, V. C. Concentration of Cadmium in Cacao Beans and Its Relationship with Soil Cadmium in Southern Ecuador. Sci. Total Environ.2015, 533, 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.106.
(11) Engbersen, N.; Gramlich, A.; Lopez, M.; Schwarz, G.; Hattendorf, B.; Gutierrez, O.; Schulin, R. Cadmium Accumulation and Allocation in Different Cacao Cultivars. Sci. Total Environ.2019, 678, 660–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.001.
(12) Vanderschueren, R.; De Mesmaeker, V.; Mounicou, S.; Isaure, M.-P.; Doelsch, E.; Montalvo, D.; Delcour, J. A.; Chavez, E.; Smolders, E. The Impact of Fermentation on the Distribution of Cadmium in Cacao Beans. Food Res. Int.2020, 127, 108743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108743.
(13) Barraza, F.; Schreck, E.; Lévêque, T.; Uzu, G.; López, F.; Ruales, J.; Prunier, J.; Marquet, A.; Maurice, L. Cadmium Bioaccumulation and Gastric Bioaccessibility in Cacao: A Field Study in Areas Impacted by Oil Activities in Ecuador. Environ. Pollut.2017, 229, 950–963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.080.
(14) International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/petroleum-and-other-liquids/annual-petroleum-and-other-liquids-production?pd=5&p=0000000000000000000000000000000000vg&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=94694400000&e=1609459200000 (accessed May 16, 2021).
(15) Zurera, G.; Estrada, B.; Rincón, F.; Pozo, R. Lead and Cadmium Contamination Levels in Edible Vegetables. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.1987, 38 (5), 805–812. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01616705.
(16) John, M. K.; Chuah, H. H.; VanLaerhoven, C. J. Cadmium Contamination of Soil and Its Uptake by Oats. Environ. Sci. Technol.1972, 6 (6), 555–557. https://doi.org/10.1021/es60065a001.
(17) Li, J. T.; Qiu, J. W.; Wang, X. W.; Zhong, Y.; Lan, C. Y.; Shu, W. S. Cadmium Contamination in Orchard Soils and Fruit Trees and Its Potential Health Risk in Guangzhou, China. Environ. Pollut.2006, 143 (1), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.016.
(18) Gzyl, J. Lead and Cadmium Contamination of Soil and Vegetables in the Upper Silesia Region of Poland. Sci. Total Environ.1990, 96 (1–2), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90018-p.
(19) Cadmium dietary exposure in the European population | European Food Safety Authority https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2551 (accessed May 28, 2021).
(20) Commission Regulation (EU) No 488/2014 of 12 May 2014 Amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as Regards Maximum Levels of Cadmium in Foodstuffs Text with EEA Relevance; 2014; Vol. 138.